Review: HONDA CIVIC HYBRID (2012)

The all-new 2012 Honda Civic represents the ninth generation of one of the company's most popular and globally recognized products. Having earned a reputation for being a fun-to-drive compact that is simultaneously fuel efficient, sporty, stylish and durable, the Honda Civic has become a beloved and relied-upon member of the worldwide transportation family. Cumulatively, the Civic has reached 8.8 million customers in the United States through 2010 since its launch as a 1973 model.

Each generation of Honda Civic has improved with a specific development theme in mind. The 2012 Civic embraces the fundamental concept of a "futuristic and distinctive compact," a direction that introduces new values that reach ahead of present-day needs and elevates the experience that Honda Civic represents. Major strides include improvements to refinement throughout, increased fuel economy on all models, the further addition of interactive technologies for personalization and convenience, along with enhancements to performance, ride and interior packaging.

Civic customers span the entire public spectrum of automotive drivers. They are high school graduates and college students just beginning their adult lives; they are families with young children; they are schoolteachers, soccer parents and professionals, environmentalists and performance enthusiasts; and they are Generation Y, baby boomers and retirees. And they live in Snow Belt states, Sunbelt states, in the Midwest and in Hawaii and Alaska. But regardless of their demographic and psychographic makeup, Honda Civic customers are tied together by one thing - they are young at heart. Because at the end of the day, beyond its myriad attributes (including safety, economy, durability, comfort and style), the Civic is fun to drive.

2012 Honda Civic Model Lineup

The automotive landscape has rapidly evolved in the last decade with increased interest in fuel economy, low emissions and overall affordability. All of these traits are among the Civic's strongest advantages. The new 2012 Civic lineup further embraces these concepts with six different variants that span from ultra efficient to high performance, with specific models designed to better meet individual needs and preferences. For 2012, a highly affordable and highly efficient Honda Civic HF has been added to the lineup. The aero-enhanced Civic HF achieves an estimated highway fuel economy rating of 41 miles per gallon, two more mpg than the regular Civic Sedan, and the highest highway fuel economy rating in America for any gasoline-only compact sedan equipped with an automatic transmission.

The 2012 Honda Civic model lineup is comprised of:

- Civic Sedan (Civic DX, Civic LX, Civic EX and Civic EX-L)
- Civic Coupe (Civic DX, Civic LX, Civic EX and Civic EX-L)
- High-efficiency and value-oriented Civic HF (new)
- High-performance Civic Si Sedan and Civic Si Coupe
- Ultra-efficient Civic Hybrid (with new Lithium-Ion batteries)
- Ultra-clean Civic Natural Gas, previously known as Civic GX (available at qualified dealers nationwide)
- The Foundation of Civic

Beneath the aerodynamic skin of every 2012 Civic is Honda's commitment to its foundational pillars of safety, fun-to-drive performance, style, comfort, convenience, durability, quality and refinement. The end result is a vehicle that's not only a smart decision when new, but can also provide long-term joy of ownership unique to this class of vehicle.

Safety - Advanced safety systems include Honda-exclusive Advanced Compatibility Engineering™ (ACE)™ body structure for frontal collision energy management and vehicle-to-vehicle crash compatibility, and a long list of standard safety equipment including two-row side curtain airbags, dual-stage, multiple-threshold driver's and front passenger's airbags, driver's and front passenger's side airbags, Vehicle Stability Assist™ (VSA®), an anti-lock braking system (ABS) with Brake Assist, and a new Motion Adaptive Electric Power Steering system that helps the driver steer in the ideal direction to mitigate oversteer or understeer situations. Internal crash test information indicates that the new Honda Civic should achieve top marks in both the federal government's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) New Car Assessment Program and the independent Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) designation as a "TOP SAFETY PICK."

Fun to Drive - Every Honda Civic model is designed to be fun to drive, with a MacPherson strut front suspension, a multi-link rear suspension, and front and rear stabilizer bars. Motion-Adaptive Electric Power Steering (EPS) improves steering response at low speeds while rewarding the driver with outstanding feel at higher speeds. In addition, with EPS there is no parasitic power loss to the engine as is common with a traditional hydraulically boosted steering system - which benefits both power output and fuel economy. Standard 15-inch diameter wheels with all-season tires, 16-inch wheels on Civic EX and Civic EX-L models, and 17-inch wheels on Civic Si models (with performance-oriented summer tires available) provide a satisfying blend of ride comfort and all-weather grip. The Civic Si Sedan and Civic Si Coupe further expand the driving fun with a new, larger displacement (201 horsepower) engine and specially tuned suspension.

Distinctive, Aerodynamic Styling - As a new interpretation of the Honda Civic's iconic "one-motion" mono-form shape, the 2012 Civic is designed to convey an even more substantial, high-energy appearance. The exterior styling of both Civic Sedan and Coupe models showcases the clean-yet-powerful body lines with sleekly angled windshields, wide stances and pronounced character lines along the profile. The look of the Civic Coupe conveys an aggressive attitude with a more angular front fascia, mesh grille and a tapered rear roofline that flows smoothly into the trunk. Hidden aerodynamic features such as flat-bottom unit-body construction, precisely placed aero strakes, and other features work together to help the Honda Civic achieve excellent fuel-economy.

Comfort, Convenience and Personalization - Crisp, smart and driver focused, the new Civic's 5-passenger interior is a careful blend of form and function, with an advanced instrument layout that is unique in its class. A "smart interface" approach divides the interior into different areas, with key instrument displays located above the steering wheel. Secondary information is located lower in the area, while a third area to the driver's right groups controls that are not essential to driving. New for 2012, the intelligent Multi-Information Display (i-MID) on all models (except Civic DX) provides a 5-inch color monitor for the display of vehicle information and audio information including album artwork (if available). Along with customizable vehicle settings, the i-MID includes the ability to upload personal wallpaper backgrounds. The Civic can be further personalized for driving with Eco Assist on all models (except Civic Si), the first time this feature has been included on any non-hybrid Honda model in America. The performance-oriented Civic Si exclusively features a new Sequential Rev-limit Indicator and a Power Monitor screen that can be displayed on the new i-MID.

Durability, Quality and Reliability - For many customers the Durability, Quality and Reliability (DQR) of the Honda Civic is what keeps them returning year after year. These fine qualities - and the resale or trade-in value they engender for the Civic - become a powerful purchase incentive. Virtually every major study of vehicle residual value has shown that the Honda Civic typically has one of the highest residual values in the industry. As an end result, a high residual or resale value makes the Civic's true cost of ownership less than many lower-priced competitors.

Powertrain

Honda has long been known for its world-class engine technology and a continuous process of innovation and improvement. At the core of Honda's powertrain engineering is the ongoing pursuit of greater performance, enhanced fuel economy and low emissions. The 2012 Civic model range embodies Honda's ongoing effort to offer a wide range of powertrain choices including gasoline, hybrid and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) that offer unique solutions for different buyers.

An advanced 140-horsepower, 1.8-liter i-VTEC® engine is standard in the Civic Sedan, Civic Coupe and Civic HF, with a choice of a 5-speed manual or 5-speed automatic transmission (automatic only for Civic EX-L Coupe, Civic EX and EX-L Sedans, and Civic HF). A variant of the same 1.8-liter engine develops 110 horsepower in the compressed natural gas (CNG) powered Honda Civic Natural Gas, which comes standard with a 5-speed automatic transmission. The performance-oriented Si model has a 201-horsepower, 2.4-liter i-VTEC® engine, matched with a close-ratio 6-speed manual transmission. And finally, the Civic Hybrid is powered by an ultra-efficient 1.5-liter i-VTEC® engine with Integrated Motor Assist® producing 110-horsepower. This is coupled to a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT).

Civic Sedan, Civic Coupe, Civic HF and Civic Natural Gas Powertrain

The Honda Civic Sedan, Civic Coupe, Civic HF and Civic Natural Gas benefit from an updated and refined version of the 1.8-liter I-4 engine that powered the previous generation Civic. The new engine has extensive changes that reduce friction, improve emissions performance and increase fuel economy.

The engine is a Single Overhead Cam (SOHC) 1.8-liter inline 4-cylinder design with 16 valves, i-VTEC®, and a dual-stage intake manifold. In the Civic Sedan, Civic Coupe and Civic HF, the engine produces 140 horsepower at 6300 rpm, and 128 lb-ft. of torque at 4300 rpm. In the Civic Sedan and Coupe, the 1.8-liter engine has an estimated EPA city/highway fuel economy rating of 28/39 miles per gallon when equipped with automatic transmission.

Honda Civic Si Powertrain

The 2012 Civic Si is powered by a new 2.4-liter inline 4-cylinder engine that is the largest and most powerful of any Civic introduced in the United States. The dual overhead cam (DOHC) engine is an all-aluminum design that uses four valves per cylinder (16 valves total), a high-performance version of the i-VTEC® system and a specially tuned high-volume intake manifold. The Civic Si produces 201 horsepower - up four horsepower from the 2.0-liter engine it replaces. The i-VTEC® "intelligent" valve-control system, new friction-reducing technologies and extensive weight control measures helps the Civic Si deliver exhilarating acceleration, improved fuel economy and low exhaust emissions.

The new larger displacement engine in the Civic Si delivers peak power at a more accessible 7000 rpm compared to the previous Si engine's 7800 rpm power peak. The engine's increased displacement results in a substantial 22-percent increase in peak torque. The new 170 lb-ft rating occurs at just 4400 rpm, 1700 rpm lower than the previous engine's 139 lb-ft at 6100 rpm. Even with its increase in displacement, horsepower and torque, the 2012 Civic Si has an estimated EPA city rating of 22 mpg (up 1 mpg compared to the 2011 Civic Si) and increases highway fuel economy with a rating of 31 mpg (up 2 mpg compared to the 2011 Civic Si). In addition, the Civic Si engine meets strict Ultra-Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV-2) emissions standards.

The Honda Civic Si is available exclusively with a 6-speed manual transmission with a short-throw shifter. Designed to be compact and lightweight, the 6-speed has also been engineered to provide quick and precise shift action. The Civic Si also includes a clutch with a torsion mechanism that enhances refinement in terms of engagement and feel.

Honda Civic Hybrid Powertrain

The newest-generation Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) system fitted to the Civic Hybrid uses a gasoline engine as the primary source of power while an electric motor provides additional power and electricity regeneration capability. The new IMA system consists of a larger 1.5-liter i-VTEC® 4-cylinder engine connected to a larger, more powerful electric motor and a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT). A new Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery pack is used to capture and store electricity for the upgraded 23-horsepower electric motor. The new Lithium-Ion battery is more powerful, lighter and more compact than the nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) battery it replaces.

Together, the gasoline engine and electric motor team to produce 110 horsepower at 5500 rpm and 127 lb-ft of torque at 1000-3500 rpm. Compared to the previous generation Civic Hybrid, the new Civic Hybrid has the same peak horsepower, but achieves it at 500 fewer rpm. The new Hybrid has gained 4 lb-ft of torque, and it is spread over a wider rpm range (between 1000 rpm to 3500 rpm) for improved performance during normal city driving.

During acceleration, the engine or the engine and electric motor propel the vehicle. During sustained cruising, the gasoline engine and/or the electric motor can individually propel the vehicle. During braking, the gasoline engine deactivates and the electric motor acts as generator to replenish the Li-Ion battery pack. When the vehicle is at a stop, the engine can enter an idle-stop mode to conserve fuel and reduce emissions - and the engine remains off until the brake pedal is released.

Compared to the previous Honda Civic Hybrid, the fifth-generation Honda IMA powertrain provides improved acceleration at highway speeds, while simultaneously delivering a combined city/highway EPA-estimated fuel economy rating of 44 mpg - an increase of 3 mpg from the previous model.

Body

The new 2012 Honda Civic Sedan and Civic Coupe are the most aerodynamically and aggressively styled models in the model's history - and also the most functional and versatile in how most Civic customers like to use their cars. As in past years, both 5-passenger sedan and 5-passenger coupe body styles are available. The sedan design is sophisticated and efficient, while the coupe is more dramatic and exciting. Both are highly aerodynamic, including a sleek windshield angle with narrow A-pillars (and thinner C-pillars in the Coupe) for excellent outward visibility, numerous under-vehicle aerodynamic aids, and even low rolling-resistance tires on all models except Civic Si.

Apart from the headlights, hood and front fenders, no visible exterior body panels, lights, glass, grille or bumpers are shared between the Civic Sedan and Civic Coupe. Differences between models include aggressive front grille, front and rear fascias and other elements for the Civic Si Coupe and Civic Si Sedan, and extensive aerodynamic aids for the high fuel economy Civic HF. However beneath the skin, the underlying chassis construction is the same between the Civic Sedan and Civic Coupe, except that at 105.1 inches, the wheelbase of the Civic Sedan is two inches longer than that of the Civic Coupe.

Civic Sedan Design

Though roomier inside than previous models, the 2012 Civic Sedan adds a sophisticated flair while retaining the Coupe's dramatic styling character. Its four doors provide improved utility, with excellent ingress and egress for all passengers. In back, the trunk lid gracefully meets the rear window and seamlessly ties in with the overall styling of the car. Standard are 15-inch diameter steel wheels with full wheel covers, 15-inch aluminum wheels for the Civic HF, 16-inch aluminum wheels for the Civic EX and Civic EX-L models, and 17-inch aluminum wheels for the Civic Si.

Civic Coupe Design

Everything about Honda Civic Coupe says this is a driver's car, with the short, wide front fascia generating an aggressive overall look. Adding to the Civic's distinctly sporty and dynamic flavor are wide, angular headlights, a bold grille, and fog lamp openings in the lower fascia. A wedge design continues along the Civic Coupe body side, with the hood, windshield and cabin all forming decisive character lines that create a strong sense of motion. The high rear deck further reinforces the Coupe's dynamic wedge styling, while a functional rear lip spoiler and 16-inch aluminum wheels on Civic EX and Civic EX-L models (17-inch wheels on the Civic Si) add to its clear sporting intentions.

Advanced Compatibility Engineering (ACE™) Body Structure

The Advanced Compatibility Engineering™ (ACE™) body structure is a pioneering Honda unit-body construction technology. Introduced to Civic in the 2006 model, it increases the body's ability to disperse crash energy in a frontal collision and is anticipated to help deliver top safety ratings.

Rigid Unit-Body Construction and Energy-Absorbing Crush Zones

The Civic's aerodynamic unit-body structure plays a strong role in helping both the coupe and sedan achieve their expected high fuel-economy and projected top safety ratings, but it also contributes to a smooth, quiet ride and a fun-to-drive character. A rigid body allows for noise and other disturbances to be more efficiently isolated by bushings and other dampers throughout the vehicle.

Increased Use of High-Strength Steel

Both the Honda Civic Sedan and Civic Coupe feature a rigid and lightweight unit-body design made possible by increased use of high-strength steel. The 2012 Civic Sedan now uses 55 percent high-strength steel, compared to 50 percent in the previous generation. This contributes to a 7-percent reduction in body weight compared to 2011 Civic Sedan. Although the body structure is now lighter, static and dynamic rigidity are 10 percent better.

In addition, more slender A-pillars (also constructed of high-strength steel) provide a greater field of view without compromising body strength. Along with a new side mirror shape, the thinner A-pillars also help minimize wind noise at highway speeds.

Aerodynamic Enhancements

The 2012 Civic Sedan and Civic Coupe are just as aerodynamically efficient as their appearance suggests, resulting in improved fuel efficiency, reduced emissions, improved handling at higher speeds and lower levels of interior noise. The improvements are the result of extensive modeling and testing conducted during the design process. Examples include:

A guide under the front bumper directs the flow of air into the engine compartment for cooling.
Lightweight plastic parts under the engine bay, the fuel tank and parts of the rear underbody enhance airflow.
Front spoiler and strakes ahead of the front and rear tires help direct air flow around the tires and wheel wells.
A new flat under-floor significantly improves aerodynamic efficiency by helping air to move over, around and under the vehicle - resulting in a significant 3.4-percent lower coefficient of drag as compared to the 2011 Civic.
Low-drag side mirrors reduce wind noise by minimizing turbulence (Civic EX and Civic EX-L models also include heated side mirrors).

Multi-Reflector Halogen Headlights

All 2012 Honda Civic models are equipped with multi-reflector halogen headlights with an auto-off feature (Auto On/Off on EX-L, Hybrid and Si) for confident nighttime driving, along with a dynamic and dramatic appearance. The auto-off feature automatically turns off the headlights when the key is removed from the vehicle. Inboard mounted halogen high beams offer further nighttime driving confidence with a crisp, bright and focused light beam. The halogen high beams serve double-duty as the daytime running lights (DRL) by operating at a lower voltage. All Civic models include a headlights-on reminder.

Meanwhile Honda Civic Si Sedan and Coupe models add fog lights located in openings below the front bumper. Integrated fog lights are likewise available as a dealer-installed accessory on other 2012 Civic models.

LED Brake Lights on Civic Hybrid

The 2012 Honda Civic Hybrid's taillight system features attention-grabbing LED illumination for the brake lights and soft glowing surface lighting for the taillights. The sculpted, 3-dimensional look of the units adds a distinctive and technical styling element to the rear view of the Civic. Additionally, LED lighting uses less power and longer service life compared to traditional tungsten light bulbs, which is consistent with the vehicle's emphasis on efficiency.

Power Windows

All 2012 Honda Civic models (except for Civic DX) feature power windows with auto-reverse. All trim levels (except the Civic DX) also feature an auto up/down driver's window for added convenience.

One-Touch Power Moonroof with Tilt Feature

Civic EX, Civic EX-L and Civic Si models have one-touch power moonroof actuation with tilt feature that will open or close with one touch of the switch. The moonroof's thin construction allows for maximum headroom and improved comfort. Also included is a sliding sunshade that automatically opens with the moonroof, and the shade can be closed to block sunlight. An auto-reverse feature is built into the moonroof operation.

Security System with Remote Entry

Remote entry and remote trunk entry systems are now standard on all 2012 Civic models except for DX. Using a wave key with integrated remote buttons, all doors can be locked with one touch of the LOCK button. Pressing UNLOCK once unlocks the driver's door, while pressing it twice unlocks all doors. The trunk can also be unlocked by pressing a separate trunk button. The system has an operating range of up to 50 feet.

Cargo Area

Another strength of the new 2012 Civic Coupe and Sedan is impressive storage capacity. The Civic Sedan offers 12.5 cu-ft of storage space (12.1 cu-ft. for Sedan EX-L), exceeding the 12.0 cu-ft trunk volume of the previous generation - an improvement of 0.5 cu-ft or 4.2-percent. The Civic Coupe trunk offers 11.6 cu-ft of storage, a slight increase over the previous model's 11.5 cu-ft. Folding the second-row seatback yields additional room for the storage of bulky items. Civic Hybrid and Civic Natural Gas have a fixed rear seatback.

Conveniently placed latches enable customers to lower the fold-down rear seatback from the trunk. The Civic EX and Civic EX-L and Civic Si models add even more convenience with 60/40 split fold-down rear seatbacks, which allow simultaneous passenger seating and cargo storage.

Exterior Colors

The 2012 Honda Civic offers a dynamic color palette that adds character and boldness to the entire model range. All-new colors for the 2012 Civic Sedan include Dyno Blue Pearl, Cool Mist Metallic and Crimson Pearl. While on the 2012 Civic Coupe, Dyno Blue Pearl and Cool Mist Metallic are new additions to the color lineup. Civic Si Coupe and Civic Si Sedan models add a unique Sunburst Orange Pearl, while the Civic Hybrid comes in Green Opal Metallic. All the new colors change in appearance depending on sunlight conditions, further amplifying the Civic's dramatic bodylines.

Chassis

The 2012 Civic chassis was developed to maximize driving enjoyment as well as passenger comfort and safety. The chassis features Honda's highly developed MacPherson strut front and multi-link rear suspension systems, along with Motion-Adaptive Electric Power Steering for excellent steering performance and improved efficiency. Regardless of whether it is a versatile Civic Sedan or Coupe, sporty Civic Si, or efficient Civic Hybrid, clean Civic Natural Gas or value-oriented Civic HF model, every 2012 Honda offers a high level of refinement, confident handling and a fun driving experience - while also providing excellent safety.

Wheels and Tires

The 2012 Honda Civic Sedan and Civic Coupe models feature a variety of 15-, 16- and 17-inch diameter wheels and all-season tires, with a space-saver spare tire located under the trunk floor. Details include:

- Civic DX Sedan, Civic DX Coupe and Civic LX - 15x6 steel wheels with full covers and P195/65R15 tires
- Civic EX Sedan, Civic EX Coupe and Civic EX-L - 16x6.5-inch aluminum wheels and P205/55R16 tires
- Civic Hybrid - 15x6-inch aluminum wheels and P195/65R15 tires
- Civic Si Sedan and Civic Si Coupe - 17x7-inch alloy wheels and P215/45R17 (with available summer tires)
- Civic Hybrid - 15x6-inch alloy wheels and P195/65R15 low-rolling-resistance tires
- Civic Natural Gas - 15x6-inch steel wheels with full covers and P195/65R15 tires
- Civic Sedan HF Sedan - 15x6-inch aluminum wheels and P195/65R15 low rolling-resistance tires

For improved fuel economy, the 2012 Civic uses new tires that are 5-percent lighter with 10-percent improvement to the Rolling Resistance Coefficient (RRC) as compared to the previous Civic's tires. Constructed of low-mass tread material, thinner sidewalls and an optimized structure, the new tires help reduce fuel consumption - all while maintaining comparable durability and projected service life. The Civic HF further reduces the rolling resistance of the tires by an additional 21-percent compared to the standard Civic tires.

Interior

Creative and expressive, roomy and practical - the 2012 Honda Civic interior is as impressive as the body design, while featuring a bold and advanced instrument layout that's unlike anything in the class. The new Civic interior builds on the already sophisticated design of the current generation Civic by adopting a "smart interface" approach. With this approach, the interior is divided into different areas for key instrument displays above the steering wheel, secondary information located lower in the area visible through the steering wheel, and a third area to the driver's right. Overall, the controls are clear and easy to operate, with a cleanly simple layout and highly intuitive operation.

All the shapes, textures and colors work together to create a welcoming contemporary environment that is both visually and tactilely rewarding. Everything the driver needs is close at hand and materials and finishes are as carefully selected as the equipment features. Distinct upper and lower areas of the instrument panel have their own unique materials that create visual zones that add beauty and richness.

Building on the successful packaging on the previous generation, the 2012 Honda Civic Sedan has gained a small amount of interior passenger volume and also made gains in shoulder and hip room. The Civic Coupe gains an increase in front shoulder room. Both the Sedan and Coupe are classified as compact vehicles by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Interior Dimensions

Though the 2012 Civic Sedan is externally the same width and length, it has gained in interior passenger volume by 3.7 cubic feet, and has more front shoulder room and additional front and rear hip room. The Civic Coupe has gained 1.2 inches in front shoulder room. Other interior dimensions are within an inch of the previous generation.

Steering Wheel

The Honda Civic's new 3-spoke steering wheel is a small diameter unit befitting the car's sporty character and accents the vehicle's quick-ratio steering. Civic EX-L and Si steering wheels are leather trimmed for an even sportier look and feel. All Civic models feature a manual tilt and telescope steering column adjustment to better accommodate drivers of various sizes. Civic LX and models above now include audio, i-MID and cruise control buttons. Bluetooth® HandsFreeLink® control buttons are included in all models except Civic DX, Civic LX and Civic HF.

Interior Materials

Interior surfaces on the 2012 Civic are designed to be pleasing to the touch, with controls that are ergonomic and operate with precision. Cloth upholstery is standard in most Civic models, with Civic EX-L receiving leather seating surfaces. Leather is also available on the Civic Hybrid.

Seating

Like the previous generation Honda Civic, the 2012 model can accommodate five passengers. The two front seats have been completely redesigned with a more supportive seat construction. The Civic Coupe has deeper side bolsters than the Civic Sedan, and the Civic Si further increases lateral support with firmer side bolsters. Both front seats manually recline, and the driver's seat features a manual height adjustment control. To improve access into the rear seats on the Civic Coupe, the front passenger seat has a one-touch seatback release and slide feature.

A flat rear floor improves passenger comfort by providing considerably more foot room for the middle passenger. To increase storage space, Civic DX, Civic LX and Civic HF models feature a one-piece folding rear seatback, while Civic EX, Civic EX-L, and Civic Si models feature a 60/40 split-folding rear seatback. The Civic Hybrid and Civic Natural Gas have fixed rear seatbacks.

Interior Storage

A redesigned center storage console with a large armrest combines comfort with functionality. Two large cup holders are positioned in the center console, and each door panel has a built-in storage bin and bottle holder. Civic Coupe models have a bottle holder and storage bin integrated into each side of the rear cabin. A spacious glove box and an open compartment located left of the steering wheel provide additional storage.

Climate Control Systems

Civic LX and above models have air conditioning with an integrated micron air-filtration system capable of filtering nearly 100 percent of particulates that are over eight microns in size (the size of most pollen), and approximately 40 percent of particulates down to 0.3 microns (about the size of diesel emissions). The Civic Hybrid has automatic climate control with a secondary compressor, powered by a high-voltage electric motor that ensures the cabin temperature stays at the preferred level during engine idle-stop.

Power Windows, Locks and Keyless Entry

Power windows are standard equipment on all Honda Civic models. Civic LX and above models provide auto-up and down operation on the driver's window. Power door locks with a customizable auto-locking feature are standard on Civic LX and above models. Remote entry is standard on all models except DX, and an engine-immobilizer system is also standard on all 2012 Civic models.

Safety

The 2012 Honda Civic includes a high level of standard safety equipment in every model. The 2012 Civic integrates Honda's most advanced safety technology including the Advanced Compatibility Engineering™ (ACE™) body structure, two-row side curtain airbags and front side airbags in every model and trim level. The ACE™ body structure enhances occupant protection and crash compatibility in frontal crashes. The ACE™ design utilizes a network of connected structural elements to distribute crash energy more evenly throughout the front of the vehicle. This enhanced frontal crash energy management helps to reduce the forces transferred to the passenger compartment and can help to more evenly disperse the forces transferred to other vehicles involved in the crash. ACE™ also increases the likelihood of the two vehicle's bumpers properly connecting during a collision- including larger and smaller vehicles and those with differing bumper heights.

Every Civic incorporates side curtain airbags and front side airbags with a passenger-side Occupant Position Detection System (OPDS) as standard equipment. In addition, all seating positions include head restraints that are designed to help mitigate the severity of a neck injury in the event of a rear collision. Additional standard safety features include dual-stage, multiple-threshold front airbags, an anti-lock braking system (ABS) with Brake Assist, and front seatbelts with automatic-tensioners and load limiters. Every 2012 Honda Civic model also features daytime running lights (DRL) and a pedestrian injury mitigation design for the front of the vehicle.

The ninth-generation Civic is expected to earn top safety ratings for the driver and front passenger and rear seat passengers in both frontal and side impact crash-safety tests, as well top roll-over resistance ratings, undertaken by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). It is also anticipated to earn top safety ratings from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS).

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Old Car: HONDA CIVIC (1973)

The Honda Civic is an automobile manufactured by Honda. It was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door coupe, followed by a 3-door hatchback version that September. With the transverse engine placement of its 1169 cc engine and front wheel drive, like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.

Early models of the Civic were typically outfitted with a basic AM radio, rudimentary heater, foam cushioned plastic trim, two-speed wipers, and painted steel rims with a chromed wheel nut cap. The current Civic has become much more luxurious with satellite-linked navigation, a six-speed manual, power locks and power windows available. Still, many regard the Civic as representing a good value for the money, combining good performance, reliability and economy, as well as a very low rate of depreciation.

The Civic evolved from having a 1170 cc engine (1973) to having engines with larger capacities and more creature comforts (air conditioning, power windows, etc.) through the 1980s, 1990s and into the 2000s.

First generation (1973-1979)

The original 1973 Civic had a wheelbase under 87 inches and an overall length of 140 inches

Initially the Civic was sold with either a four-speed manual or a two speed "HondaMatic" model. Later models went to a five-speed manual and a full four-speed automatic transmission. Like the Mini, the transaxle was integrated with the engine unit.

Second generation (1979-1983)

The second generation Civic had a new, sleeker body and increased wheelbase to 88.6 inches for the hatchback and 91.3 inches for the wagon. The two-door sedan was no longer produced. All engines was now of the CVCC design ranging from 1335 cc giving 55 hp to 1488 cc giving 67 hp. The transmission was either a four-speed manual, a five-speed manual or a two-speed automatic. In 1981 a four door sedan was introduced and the two-speed automatic gearbox was replaced by a three speed. In 1982 it was slightly restyled with rectangular headlamps and black bumpers. In 1983 the sportier Civic S replaced the 1500GL.

Third generation (1983-1987)

For the third generation the wheelbase was increased by 5 inches to 96.5 inches. A new 12 valve (three valves per cylinder) 76 hp 1500 cc engine was introduced. The base hatchback still used the 1300 cc engine giving 60 hp. Supension was updated to independent rear suspension. The CRX was a Civic with a slightly different body. In 1985 the CRX Si was introduced. It came with a fuel-injected version of the 1500 cc engine giving 91 horsepower. In 1986 the Civic got flush-mounted headlights. Other news for the year was a four-speed automatic and an Si version of the Civic hatchback.

Fourth generation (1987-1991)

Again the wheelbase was increased to 98.4 inches. The body was designed with lower hood line and more glass giving less drag. The Civics also got a new family of engines. A 1500 cc 16-valve engine giving 92 hp was used in the DX hatchback/sedan, new LX sedan and the wagon. The base hatchback had a 70 hp version of the same engine. All engines were fuel injected. All wheels had double-wishbone suspension. In 1990 the EX trim was introduced.

Fifth generation (1991-1995)

The fifth generation had a more wedge shaped body and the wheelbase was increased to 101.3 inches for the two-door hatchback and 103.2 inches for the four-door sedan. The wagon was also dropped.

Sixth generation (1996-2000)

Beginning in 1997, Honda produced the first iteration of Civic to receive the "Type-R" appellation (applied first to the Integra Type-R), with the EK9 chassis Civic Type-R. The EK9-generation Civic Type-R had a maximum output in the range of 180 PS JIS (177 hp/132 kW), increased over the more common 160 PS (158 hp/118 kW) B16A engine in the SiR/VTi models, and included various alterations to the chassis to improve handling and reduce weight (such as better welding of the frame, and removal of the radio and noise-suppressing materials).

Seventh generation (2001-2005)

In 2001, Honda announced the release of the Civic Type-R for the EP chassis, a more sporty variant of the most recent model of Civic and successor to the EK9 Civic Type-R. Unlike the EK9 version, which was produced solely in Japan, the EP Civic Type-R is produced in the United Kingdom and exported to Japan. The EP Civic Type-R has a specific output of 200 PS (197 hp/147 kW) at 8000 rpm, a six-speed manual transmission, a reworked exterior with a bullet-like hatchback design, aeroform bumpers, spoiler, and 17 in wheels. The interior of the Type-R includes Recaro seats and a Momo steering wheel, and the model also includes Type-R-specific badging, a helical limited-slip differential, and has been reported to accelerate from zero to 60 mph in about 6.6 seconds (6.4 in facelifted model).

The hybrid version became available in 2003, which uses both a small (1.3 L) main gasoline engine and auxiliary electric motors. The electric motors are powered by a battery array which is charged by regenerative braking during deceleration, which reduces exhaust emissions and extends fuel mileage.

The new Sport Hatchback model with futuristic styling was unveiled in August 2005 for the European market only. This model featured from launch a 1.4 L I-DSI and a 1.8 L i-VTEC rated at 83 PS (81 hp/61 kW) and 140 PS (138 hp/103 kW) respectively, with 177 and 207 km/h (110 and 129 mph) top speeds and 14.2 and 8.6 sec 0-100 km/h sprint. The Sport Hatchback is also available with a 2.2 L I-CTDI Diesel engine from the Accord, Edix/FR-V and CR-V, rated at 140 PS (138 hp/103 kW) and is capable of 205 km/h (127 mph) and accelerating from 0-60 mph in 8.4 seconds.

Cristiano Ronaldo's Car: PHANTOM ROLLS-ROYCE

Cristiano Ronaldo Phantom Rolls-Royce

Ronaldo bought the Phantom Rolls-Royce Drophead at the price of 350,000. The high cost of this car is a clear indication of the type of car the legendary footballer bought. The Cristiano Ronaldo Phantom Rolls-Royce has an engine of 6.75 liter V12 that produces a torque of 531 lb-ft and a horsepower of 453 bhp. The luxurious British car comes with a number of exotic amenities such as power sunroof, navigation system with voice recognition, rear-view camera, upgraded leather upholstery and amazing entertainment system.

Specifications

• Engine specification
• Engine type: V12 6.75-liters engine
• Torque: 531 lb-ft
• Horsepower: 453 bhp

Performance

• Top speed: 149 mph
• Acceleration 0-62 mph: 5.7 seconds

Safety, security and comfort features

• Outside temperature indicator
• Navigation control
• Rear-view camera
• Power open/close trunk lid
• Wireless headphones
• AC with five zone climate control
• Refrigerator
• Power closing door
• Cooled cup holders
• Universal garage door opener

More screenshoots:

source

Review: LAMBORGHINI AVENTADOR LP700-4 2012

With the Lamborghini LP700-4 Aventador, Automobili Lamborghini is to redefine the top of the world, Super Sports Car Market - the brutal power, a super lightweight design and a phenomenal precision machining combined with an unparalleled design and equipment will provide much better a unique driving experience. With Aventador, Lamborghini has taken a major step towards the future - and the glorious history of building the brand, with the first cars of legend. The first customers taking delivery of the new Lamborghini LP700-4 Aventador the late summer of 2011.

The technology package Lamborghini LP700-4 Aventador is unique. It is based on an innovative monocoque carbon fiber that combines exceptional easy technique with the highest levels of rigidity and safety. The new twelve-cylinder 6.5-liter displacement and 515 kW / 700 hp brings the ultimate in pleasure at high speed with incredible low end torque. Thank you to a dry weight of just 1575 kg (3.472 pounds), which is extremely low for this class of vehicles, the power to weight ratio is only 2.25 kg / hp (4.96 lb / hp). Even fantastic 0-100 km / h (0-62 mph) acceleration value of only 2.9 seconds and top speed of 350 kmh (217 mph) does not fully describe Aventador extreme performance. Yet the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions have fallen by about 20 percent compared to its predecessor, despite the significant increase in power (+8%).

Air ISR is unique among existing road vehicles, ensuring the best travel time (only 50 milliseconds) and a change of feeling emotion, while the lightweight chassis, suspension aggressively offers absolute precision handling and performance level competition. The interior offers features specifically designed for high-tech cockpit display system TFT mode is selected. The Aventador be built to a high level of quality in establishing a brand in Sant'Agata Bolognese production.

"With the Aventador LP700-4, the future of the super sports car is now part of this. Its unique combination of innovative technology is unique, his performance was simply extraordinary," said Stephan Winkelmann, Automobili Lamborghini President and CEO. "The Aventador is a leap of two generations in terms of design and technology is the result of a totally new, but at the same time is a direct and consistent values ​​Lamborghini. It is extreme in its design and performance, uncompromising in their standards and technology, and certainly Italian in style and perfection. In general, the dynamics and technical excellence of Lamborghini LP700-4 makes Aventador unprecedented in the field of super sports worldwide. "

Aventador: the name of one of the bravest of all the bulls

According to tradition, the new flagship of the Lamborghini is the name of a bull - of course, a particularly bold specimen in the world of Spanish bullfighting. Blower was the name of a bull that went into the battle in October 1993 at the Arena in Zaragoza, winning the "Trofeo de la Peña La Madroñera" for their exceptional value.

A sculpture of the dynamics of the extreme

For the Lamborghini, the design is always the beauty of an aggressive power, elegance and breathtaking dynamism. At first glance, the new Lamborghini Aventador is clear, dressed in character and are characterized by distinctive design language - and its powerful proportions, its precise lines and sharp edges and taut muscularity in all its details. The designers of the Centro Stile Lamborghini has carefully developed this form of language gives the Lamborghini Aventador a significant new dimension. E 'avant-garde art, incredibly dynamic sculpture from the front of a clean break with the very low roofline distinctive rear diffuser. Each line has a clear mission, which is dictated by his need for speed, but the overall look is nothing short of amazing and breathtaking.

The doors open up - of course

Truly impressive proportions the total length of 4.78 m (188.19 cm), suitable for an impressive width of 2.26 meters (88.98 cm), including mirrors, and even very low stresses only 1.136 mm (44, 72 inches). Needless to say, both doors, a carbon fiber monocoque open - a feature that was introduced legendary Countach, and then use the later V12 models, such as Diablo and Murciélago. However Aventador also raises his immediate predecessor Murciélago - electronically managed air intakes open depending on outside temperature, and the need for cooling air for maximum aerodynamic efficiency. And for those who want to circumvent the heart of their Lamborghini, a volunteer opened the hood has a twelve-cylinder engine as the showcase of art technique.

Exclusive interior and high-tech

The spacious interior combines Aventador exclusive fine quality materials and superb Italian craftsmanship with advanced technology and equipment generous. The cover of the red switch on the center console wide surrounding the start button is used to arouse the twelve cylinders. The interior is dominated by a scoreboard for the next generation - like a modern aircraft, the instruments are presented on a TFT LCD using the innovative display concepts. A second screen is dedicated to multimedia standard platform and navigation system.

Carbon fiber monocoque

The new flagship of the Lamborghini has a full monocoque. Occupying the cell with a bathtub and the ceiling is a physical component. This ensures extreme rigidity and therefore the accuracy of driving in traffic, and a high level of passive safety for driver and passenger. The whole monocoque weighs 147.5 kilograms (325.18 pounds).

Cassette frame with front and rear aluminum, has an impressive combination of extreme torsional stiffness of 35,000 Nm per degree, and only weighs 229.5 kg (505.9 pounds).

Maximum speed, quality sound

For the Lamborghini LP700-4 Aventador, engineers in R & D of Lamborghini has developed a completely new power unit of high performance - a unit of speed, high-energy very powerful but very compact. At 235 kg (518 pounds), is also extremely light. A V12 515 kW (700 hp) at 8,250 rpm is a brand new reference, even in the world of super sports cars. Maximum torque is 690 Nm (509 lb-ft) at 5500 rpm. The torque curve is very balanced bull pulling power in all situations, the ability to respond spontaneously and, last but not least, the fine modulation noise, but still very emotional to make this engine a power plant the most beautiful great importance.

Innovative transmission for maximum performance

Lamborghini engineers have created the ideal partner for the new twelve-cylinder engine with the innovative ISR (Independent Rod Change) transmission. The development objective is clearly stated - to build not only the fastest automatic gearbox, but also to create a change in the world's busiest arts. Compared to a dual clutch transmission not only ISR gearbox much lighter, it also has smaller dimensions than a conventional manual unit - two key elements in the engineering field of light to luxury sports cars.

Disc refined and safely with all wheels

Such extreme power must provide a reliable way. The driver Aventador Lamborghini LP700-4 can be completely dependent on its permanent four-wheel traction - scored 4, and the name of the model. In the supply line, electronically controlled Haldex divide the forces of friction between the front and rear. Within a few milliseconds, this distribution suitable coupling force to deal with the dynamic situation. limited slip front differential with the difference between an electronic control ESP to make a more dynamic. Drive Mode Select system allows the driver to choose the characteristics of the vehicles (engine, gearbox, differentials, steering and dynamic control) in three settings - Road (street), Sport and Racing (song) - agreed to his personal preference.

Suspension rod

Lamborghini has equipped its new concept car with a V12 supercar innovative and highly sophisticated suspension. Spring and the promotion of the concept of registration has been inspired by Formula 1 and perfectly tuned to meet the needs of high performance road vehicle. Aluminum suspension fork and dual ceramic brake system of carbon fiber, lightweight chassis that is another aspect of the concept of the new flagship of the unique technology.

Substantial assistance and safety systems

In the driver's hands, the Lamborghini LP700-4 Aventador is a high-precision machining - spontaneous, direct and always reliable. The pilot also with the help of modern electronic systems as very athletic, adjustable pesetas. When it comes to passive safety front head-thorax airbags and knee play its role alongside the cell very rigid carbon fiber.

A rich and extensive individualization

Lamborghini is always a perfect style and preferences of its owner. Consequently, the many possibilities of customization is virtually inexhaustible. 13 is a selection of the production of paint colors, three of which are highly sophisticated sounds Matt. Choose two-tone interior is offered "Sport" and "Elegant" versions, but the high quality sound system and a rearview camera are many technological options. And, of course, a program of individualization 'ad personam' knows no boundaries when it comes to colors and materials.

Design

Each of the Lamborghini is the avant-garde art, sculpture, fast-moving technology. Every line, every detail of a super sports car Sant'Agata derives from its function - namely, speed, dynamic performance. Each of the Lamborghini is a purist's dream, reduced to its essence.

Aventador new LP700-4, the Centro Stile Lamborghini designers in Sant'Agata Bolognese have made this commitment to the philosophy of a whole new level - the extreme, sharp lines represent the precision that is not parallel to automotive design. And its clean, flat surface and carefully executed show exceptional knowledge and depth of experience held by the Lamborghini is a carbon fiber body shell design.

The surface of the roof is a new geometry that provides more space for passengers, while simultaneously providing relief to the front lines. This also applies to treat to achieve a better aerodynamic coefficient continued design philosophy of Lamborghini "form follows function." Engine cover uses the same style to give the concept of continuity.

Inspiration from aviation

Their language development of Lamborghini design, designers have drawn inspiration from another area dominated by the speed and dynamics - of modern aviation, the fastest and most agile airplanes in the world. This led to the design of a maximum of functionality and great clarity, the design language is very precise and very technical aspects of a new kind of vitality. Well-defined lines and taut surfaces create a fascinating play of light and shadow, add a huge visual movement in the car. Limited edition Reventon - the work of self d 'art - and the sixth "technology demonstrator" element were the pioneers of this philosophy: Aventador Lamborghini is the first production car, which includes this vision.

The course will also Aventador mid-engine concept, with the weight concentrated around the vertical axis to reduce the inertia and dynamic optimization. With the legendary Countach, the Lamborghini has been a pioneer in the mid-engine design, its revolutionary concept brings racing technology to the road. The design of the Lamborghini Aventador added emphasis on the visual mid-engine, with a look which concentrates its power on the rear axle.

Aerodynamic efficiency is crucial

Such a machine is extremely powerful, the most important task of the body design is aerodynamic efficiency, the stability of the unconditional optimum airflow at all speeds and at the same time, the engine cooling. You Aventador all components are integrated into the aerodynamic shape of the bodywork, the front spoiler on the rear diffuser. A central role is smooth, optimized for the platform. Rear spoiler is fully functional and controlled electronically. At rest, is flush with the rear of the vehicle, in operation, has two positions - the approach has four degrees is optimized for fast and contribute to directional stability at the top of the spectrum. Inclination 11 degrees, on the other hand, offers much more downforce at speeds of mid-range, which helps optimize the management and stability. Auto and use dynamic variables to calculate for themselves the most appropriate angle.

Impressive proportions, air intakes powerful

The first striking impression of the Lamborghini Aventador focuses on its proportions. With a length of 4.78 meters (188.19 inches) is really impressive 2.26 meters (88.98 inches) in width, including mirrors, but only 1,136 meters (44.72 inches) high. The printing width is accentuated by the widely separated inlets and optical drives.

Aventador incredibly small advantage of having a particular form of an arrow, bull Lamborghini brands and winning the point and the center line, which continues to trail along the entire vehicle. Flaps are strongly shaped and further emphasized the glossy black frame. bi-xenon headlights are LED daytime running lights and indicators cluster units in a hexagonal-shaped enclosures. Light set to wrap the main guide for the format Y-LED headlamp. Seven LEDs continue to offer a light source for the indicator.

Two strokes to define the boundary of the site

Point of view extremely long side is dominated by the low roofline and two curved lines appear - the first focuses on the front wheel, while the other, sharply drawn line begins at the wheel before and works like a muscle stretched along the side of the car and rear wheel. The door deeply recessed and witness powerful framework following the functionality of the design established Lamborghini. Ultimately, these forms serve only one purpose - to provide the maximum amount of cooling air to the powerful V12 power plant. The large air intakes behind the doors open upwards are also surrounded by black plastic frames and guarded by a fine mesh. The engine inlet is located on the pillar behind the skylight third side. And when the cooling requirements are particularly high, additional air vents open rear wheel arches.

The rear is also dominated by the openings framed in black, where the warm air goes. The back is very complete in three dimensions in their design. The diffuser is less potent in relief, while the considerable size of the hex output represents the concentrated power of the machine. The rear lights with LED technology to remember the reason that there are already three day Lamborghini models.

V12 as an art object of beauty

Equally familiar is a transparent engine bonnet (optional), which adds a dimension particularly attractive of the many emotional aspects Aventador. twelve-cylinder engine, which is an impressive black intake manifold, you can find all the technical honor three card decks. E 'is bounded by diagonal carbon fiber and the shock absorbers suspension with a powerful engine for auction.

The design philosophy continues with the surprisingly roomy interior. The interior is fully lined in fine leather and also take a subtle form arrow. The controls are logically grouped on the large center console. Again, the inspiration comes from aviation is immediately obvious - like in modern airplanes, the instruments are presented on a TFT LCD. In the center of the screen is a big piece - at the touch of a button, drivers can choose whether to see the read speed of road or engine speed. For more information from the fuel level at the output of the onboard computer is mounted in areas around major rings.

Operating System

The biggest change is hidden under a red blanket switch - the start button, instantly triggering the lifetime of high performance engine.

Secondly, the seven-inch TFT LCD in the center console is an integrated multimedia system. Below is a set of toggle switches family Lamborghini operational functions such as power windows or a lifting of the front and control of air conditioning.

Lamborghini LP700-4 Aventador offers state-of-the-art and comprehensive electronic vehicle configuration, entertainment and communication. These functions work in a clear and intuitive through the man-machine interface (HMI) in the center console with a big push / OFF, and eight function keys.

The carbon fiber monocoque Lamborghini Aventador

Lamborghini goes forward with a concept of systematic lightweight design - extensive use of carbon fiber materials are the important basis for the extreme dynamics of the new LP700-4 Aventador. The new flagship based on a completely self-supporting structure with these innovative materials - designed and built exclusively by Automobili Lamborghini in Sant'Agata Bolognese.

This trend seems Lamborghini once again show his expertise as a world leader in the technology of carbon fibers. Super sports car brand of Sant'Agata Bolognese is the only automaker has perfectly mastered the entire process of carbon fiber through a range of technologies in-house - from 3D models through simulation, testing, production and validation Using cutting-the-art industrial processes with the highest quality. With Aventador Lamborghini makes its innovative, internally developed and patented technologies in series production for the first time.

Cell in the future of Lamborghini's flagship sports bike is made entirely of carbon fiber and is designed to be a self-supporting. Structure of the vehicle was designed for "one shot", which is physically in one piece, then take full advantage of the extreme rigidity of CFRP. Formula 1 racing cars are made of CFRP monocoque for many years - and have proven time and again crash dignity. The same goes for road going sports car with a self-sustaining technology - carbon fiber cell population functions as a safety cage very safe.

Construction offers many advantages

Of course, "monocoque" is just a descriptive sense - a new Lamborghini monocoque is made of several individual parts, functions and techniques, such as stiffening elements are made by braiding technology, which is one of the best technology to manage energy adsorption on the case of a crash. After curing, but this structure operates as a separate part - between the bottom is known as a bathroom and the whole roof.

The complete solution offers advantages sailboats other processes, such as a bathtub in fixing a metal roof structure in a conventional manner, can not achieve. So Lamborghini is uncompromising choice of full monocoque, which weighs only 147.5 kg (324.5 pounds).

Extremely rigid construction

Superior passive safety is just one benefit of the extreme rigidity of the monocoque carbon fiber - very high torsional rigidity is another. Cassette is connected to the front and back as part of a rigid aluminum frame, suspension, engine and gearbox is installed.

The whole future white V12 model weighs 229.5 kg (505 pounds) and has a great torsional rigidity 35,000 Nm per degree of rotation. This ensures a feeling of great strength, but more importantly, very precise control of the wheel a good steering precision and sensitive response. For the dedicated controller, both are essential to really promote the joy of driving. The new Lamborghini flagship responds to the input address more minutes with the precision of a stunning race car in perfect balance.

Depending on the form, function and needs of various elements selected Lamborghini development team of three main methods for manufacturing carbon fiber in its toolbox of technology. They differ not only in their production process but also in the type of carbon fiber and weaving and more important in the chemical composition of the synthetic resin used.

Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM): In this process, the carbon fiber mats are impregnated with the shape and the precise amount of resin. Later, they will improve when the heat is part of the mold. Lamborghini has made an important step forward for the further development of this method. Using a patented "RTM" Lambo process, the final mold is no longer heavy, complex piece of metal, but is instead made of lightweight carbon fiber parts, the production process faster, more flexible and efficient.

An additional advantage of RTM-Lambo is the low injection pressure that do not require expensive equipment.

Prepreg - Carpet carbon fiber used in this method, commonly known as prepreg, are pre-injected by the supplier of liquid thermosetting resin should be stored at low temperature. The carpets are rolled into molds and cured in the heat and pressure in an autoclave. Prepreg components are complicated to make, but have a high surface finish quality (class A surface) and therefore the preferred choice for use in visible places.

Merge - These components are manufactured using RTM technology. The weaving technology of carbon fiber is derived from the textile industry and used to produce tubular components for special applications such as structural roof pillars and rocker panels. The components are woven diagonally fiber interweaving of several layers.

The unibody of the new V12 supercar designed using these technologies are used in a number of special processes. A significant improvement in the lives Lamborghini is the ability to use elements already assembled monocoque like shape for the next step in the process. It will greatly simplify the manufacturing process compared to conventional methods.

epoxy foam components are used in the monohull. They are located at strategic locations to increase the rigidity of the monocoque working as spacers between the composite layers simultaneously reduce noise and vibration. In addition, aluminum inserts laminated front and rear to facilitate for the front and rear subframe ALCOA elements.

Given the complexity of the materials and processes described above, Lamborghini has decided to produce a new self-sustain itself, a strategic step in the management of the production process.

Quality control is crucial - all monocoque single is measured to exacting tolerances of only 0.1 millimeters, light extreme precision of the entire vehicle. Quality begins with the purchase of carbon fiber parts. Each shipment of carbon fiber is certified and the equipment is regularly checked for compliance with quality standards. Lamborghini has worked with its suppliers to develop a single fiber in the world and the resin system for RTM technology. Ultimately, these materials and processes are an important part of the expertise of world leaders in the field of Lamborghini.

Carbon composites - a key technology for future high performance automotive engineering

These materials are in CFRP to combine the lowest possible weight, excellent material properties - they are very light, very stiff and exceptionally precise.

In addition, the CFRP materials also brought in highly complex components with built-in functions. This reduces the number of parts compared to traditional metal construction - so that further weight loss. Lighter cars are less fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. More important, it improves power to weight ratio - the crucial factor in the overall atmosphere and performance of a sports car. A super sports car built using CFRP accelerates faster, has superior handling and better brakes.

The new V12 power unit - the heart of the LP700-4 Lamborghini Aventador

The twelve-cylinder engine is the king of the world and the real heart of the Lamborghini brand. The first model created by Feruccio Lamborghini, the GT 350 was first introduced in 1964 with a twelve-cylinder engine that was very innovative for its time. 3.5-liter displacement and 320 hp are the vital statistics at the moment - which formed the basis of increases in the progress and development in the decades that followed. Miura, Espada, Countach, Diablo and Murciélago, finally are just some of the super sports cars born in Sant'Agata. All have been and will be powered by V12 engines - and all long since reached legendary status of the car.

Now the next step in this glorious history has shown - Lamborghini engineers in R & D department has developed a completely new, efficient power source. That would be another twelve-cylinder has never been a doubt - and not just because a special magic evoked by the number twelve. The only real alternative to the Lamborghini attending high rpm normally aspirated engine - a very thoughtful and unusually strong reaction to the smallest car is the driver's right leg is obviously a key part of its charm, inspired by the super sports car. Ten cylinders are ideal for the transition period of about five liters of character demonstrated by the acclaimed Gallardo engine. For the displacement from 6.5 liters targeted in this case is the perfect number of twelve. A smaller number of bottles would be larger and heavier pistons and connecting rods, which would have negative effects on the characteristics of a great rotation.

Let's start with a clean slate

The specifications for the development of the new twelve-cylinder engine, known internally as L539, was written quickly - was still very demanding in its formulation. Of course, it must provide more power and torque than its predecessor in the Murciélago, but it should also be smaller and lighter and allow a lower center of gravity. At the end of the day, low weight equally important for the performance of a super sports car such high power. Fuel consumption and emissions of greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced significantly.

Thus, the R & D started with a clean sheet of paper - metaphorically speaking, of course. Design and development of Sant'Agata done using systems of the state of the art equipment. The result is a V12 with a conventional roll angle of 60 degrees, and thus an incredibly compact package of power - the power unit is only 665 mm from top to bottom, including the induction system. Its width, including the exhaust manifold is only 848 mm while the length is only 784 millimeters. Its weight of 235 kg is as respectable low - every pound of engine weight is equivalent to 3.0 HP peak performance.

Optimized for high speed and lightness

The housing of the new plant consists of an aluminum-silicon and has an open deck design with steel cylinder liners. The displacement is 6498 cm3 and the cylinder spacing 103.5 mm, while the bore diameter measures 95 mm and stroke 76.4 mm. The layout is particularly good short race for the characteristics at high speed and low internal friction. Particular attention was also paid to tenants on forged crankshaft and nitride hardened weighs 24.6 kg.

Both four-valve cylinder heads are made of sand cast aluminum-silicon alloy, each weighing a slight 21 kg. The twelve pistons and connecting rods are respectively forged aluminum and steel. The maximum piston speed of 8250 rpm is only 21 meters per second, which is significantly lower than the old engine of the Murciélago. The combustion chambers have been carefully designed to achieve an optimum shaking and burning air / fuel mixture. A 11.8:1 compression ratio is extremely high. Inlet and outlet valve timing is controlled electronically.

A sophisticated thermal management, optimized for oil circulation

System for regulating the temperature of this source of energy for high-performance design crowned broad detail. Two interchangeable water cycles to ensure a very fast engine warm-up, which minimizes friction and quickly bring up to operating temperature of catalytic converters, thus benefiting fuel consumption and emissions. external cooling system is connected to the circuit only when necessary.

absolute health of the engine, even under extreme conditions of high lateral acceleration on the track is assured by the use of oil with a dry sump system. A total of eight oil scavenger pump to suck the bottom of the pit attached to the base. pressure loss and scavenging are reduced by about 50 percent. The high-pressure pump to maintain lubrication oil, while the / water cooler and oil / air cooler to maintain constant temperature up to very high loads. Benefit from this type of dry-sump lubrication with very low mounting position of the engine in a sports car. The new engine has 60 mm less than the V12 Murciélago - the benefits associated with the gravity and lateral dynamics.

From the outside, the V12 is dominated by its intake system - which includes four gas valves. Life inside the black box is also very complex - the access path to optimal load and engine speed is facilitated by two pitches, a number of channels and one of the bypass. The recovery period is a torque curve is extremely versatile and sophisticated schemes throughout the attraction.

Mighty orchestra of twelve votes

The exhaust system, including the full attention of engineers Lamborghini - the lowest gas emission target could be as important as the unique, thrilling sound Lamborghini. Water-formed and heat-insulated in three parts, one of four pre-catalyst close to the engine and the two catalysts just prior to the muffler. Box contains two separate scarves - a small and a large quantity. Language group is controlled by the valves of the engine, they perform all elements of the big twelve cylinder symphony - moderate to rumble when moving through the city at low speeds and screaming crescendo of maxed-out gear changes.

Electronics designed solely by Lamborghini

Another highlight is the electronic engine management, developed entirely by Lamborghini engineers. The system consists of the main shield, a secondary "smart actuators and two other black boxes that serve as" smart sensors. " Since speed is everything for an engine of this type, some ECU and access control functions are handled by the smart actuators, so the ECU faster. The two smart sensors are constantly monitoring combustion in real time - each power in each cylinder. Spark plugs - each equipped with a single ignition coil - act as "sensors", the two control units to monitor the signal power supply after every ride and immediately identify irregularities in the process of combustion phenomena through ionization. These data are used for engine management to optimize continuously, benefiting both performance and fuel consumption.

High performance in all sizes

All of these techniques shows combine efficient supply of power than anything else. Maximum power 515 kW (700 hp) at 8250 rpm is a strong statement in itself. Maximum torque is 690 Nm and is available at 5500 rpm. Very generous meaty torque curve of attraction in any situation, a very thoughtful response, and not least, finely tuned, but always emotional acoustic L539 do a great source of strength and a super sports car at high level. And not only L539 has been developed entirely at home is a Lamborghini, was also built from start to finish was the company's headquarters in Sant'Agata Bolognese. Our highly qualified experts to assemble engines by hand, each unit is undergoing testing and calibration of a detailed program for an engine test bench.

The new Lamborghini transmission ISR (ISR: Independent Rod Change) - Innovative servo gearbox for maximum mechanical performance

However, not only the engine, which determines the sign and the characteristics of driving a super sports car. Another key factor is the transmission. The requirements are clear - the report is fully clothed and enabling the delivery of optimal engine. The best performance of vehicles, times of change should be less than the blink of an eye. Operation is simple and clear, ergonomically designed to move the two paddles behind the steering wheel. The characteristics of change must be in accordance with the wishes of the driver at any given point - smooth cruise through the city's strict measures on the track. And not the least of Lamborghini customers expect a change in the emotional sense, ensuring that responses to a sports car you can not always know and understand. Therefore, the development objective has been clearly formulated Again - to create emotional gears of the world.

For all these reasons, engineers, R & D department chose a robotized transmission as a "companion" of the new V12 engine - however, a very special iteration: Lamborghini ISR ​​transmission. This is an important part of the transmission is not only much lighter than kaksoiskytkimellä transfer, but also the compact size of a normal manual gearbox. Both the size and weight advantages are key to building a super sports car.

Unique technology for luxury sports cars

The new unit is set to move two-shaft seven forward gears and one reverse gear. For very high resistance, RINGS TIMING are made of carbon fiber - a material that Lamborghini has a great experience. short transition times, in particular to facilitate the design of the transfer, which is known as ISR - auction rate independent.

To summarize the principle - a standard manual gearbox, either manual or fully electronic gears for, say, second and third reports are placed side by side. When the driver wishes to change gear, the rotation of the sleeve of synchronizer unit moves along the gear lever from neutral to report through the second to third gear. This requires double spacing and twice as long - the second report must be disconnected before the third gear can be rented.

Short distances, times of rapid change

This process is considerably reduced in ISR Lamborghini transmission - the gears of the second and third are separated from each other and offset handles are operated by rods to travel independently. Now the process of change can work almost in parallel - a scroll bar, while disengaging a gear, the second bar can be changed to full speed now. Because these mechanical movements overlap and distances are much shorter, making significant savings in time lag. In general, changes in ISR Lamborghini transmission by about 140 percent faster than the Gallardo e.gear transmission. And it is one of the fastest automated manual gearbox in the world.

Compact dimensions, low weight

The new transmission has four such independent rotating rod, sensors continuously monitor their exact position. They are operated by hydraulic cylinders with a pressure of 60 bar extremely high for the turnover needed. The system includes a total of seven valves, hydraulic pressure with an electric pump. The double plate clutch is hydraulically actuated. All system components are enclosed in a sheath. The total weight of the transmission is only 70 pounds - an obvious advantage, especially compared with the heavier seven-speed dual clutch transmissions.

Five modes for every situation

Lamborghini driver can choose from five modes: manual three (Strada, Sport and Racing) and two automatic (auto road and a sports car). Street mode offers much more comfort-oriented move, including the fully automatic option. Sport mode is a dynamic structure of transfer points and times, but the Race mode produces the largest change in strategy, driving on the track. This mode is also a launch control, automatic operation with a maximum acceleration from standstill.

Lamborghini transmission with the ISR, the technicians working on the companion sign bull have developed ingenious new twelve-cylinder engine. Their work has created a power transmission in general is a completely unique world of super sports cars.

Integrated electronic control

The excellent performance is only possible by a fast communication architecture through the ECU number of powertrain and driveline given that a system in the car.

A fully electronically controlled coupling of the front wheels (the now "old" viscous) is another key point of the transmission: it is able to constantly share the right torque to the front wheels always tried to get the best performance of the driver. A pair of front wheels of the distribution may vary between 0% and 60% of the whole match.

Pushrod suspension and steering

The new V12 Lamborghini super sports car equipped with an innovative concept of suspension and highly sophisticated. The spring rods and component design was inspired by Formula 1 and perfectly tuned to the needs of a road vehicle at high public spectacle. Wishbone suspension with aluminum double and a system of carbon-ceramic brakes, lightweight chassis that is another element of the unique technological concept for the new flagship of Lamborghini.

Very clear, even sharp, precise driving feel describes the soul of the new and more powerful supercar ever match the sign of the bull. This includes advice that may not think that the perfect line through the corner, the suspension, which is dominated by an ideal balance between race car and the road seems a lot of comfort in the stability of the ramp-up, and side guarantee absolute safety even faster.

Hanging bar in motorsports

With its phenomenal power of 515 kW / 700 hp and relatively light weight, the new V12 Lamborghini super sports explosions path to higher speeds. The most important feature of the new suspension design is consistent with the principle of thrust - inspired by Formula 1. The spring / damper elements are not in the wheel increases, but connected to the inside of the body structure. They are arranged transversely, under the windshield in front and near the rear engine. buttons and levers relay / rockers transmit the forces of the wheel is mounted on the elements of the spring / damper.

Handling characteristics at all speeds

This solution offers several impressive advantages: due to a combination of double-wishbone and shaft arrangement, the steering wheel and the shutter kept separate from each other. Therefore, treatment is more responsive and easier to control at all speeds, while the rigid connection to the frame also enhances the accuracy and the spontaneous reaction of the springs and dampers. As a result, the spring rate may be a jagged little 'back - convenience when precision is more. Front axle, shock absorbers are equipped with a hydraulic system that allows the front of the super sports car increased to 40 mm push of a button, which will facilitate its ability to overcome small obstacles.

Lightweight aluminum and systematic technique of carbon fiber

Aluminum and carbon fiber are also important light engineering materials to the frame. The suspension, including upper and lower control arms, jaws and levers of the relay are forged aluminum alloy. The disks of large diameter, high-performance brake system, on the other hand, is made of extremely lightweight and durable carbon-ceramic composite material. Front axle, vented discs measure no less than 400 mm in diameter and Brake Assist is offered six-cylinder calipers. rear axle, 380 mm diameter discs used in conjunction with a four-cylinder calipers. Handbrake on a new plan for the Lamborghini is driven.

Sensitive forms of advice contact the driver and the car

Power steering on the V12 Lamborghini sensitive forms the connection between driver and car supercar that runs on 19-inch wheels front and 255/35 dressed 20-inch wheels with pneumatic tires 335 / 30 in the rear. Servotronic steering provides 3 different properties managed by the mode selection unit.

Equipment and Options

The new Lamborghini LP700-4 offers the most current Aventador, global technology and establish individual team have done a super sports car. Dynamics through the security of communications and entertainment, Aventador satisfy all fans of sports cars imaginable desire more demanding. The wide range of exterior and interior colors and variations is perfect for the identification and, of course, "ad personam" is also available to fan for the ultimate in customization - where the only limits are those set out imagination.

The standard package of electronic systems such as ABS, electronic brake distribution, anti-skid control, speed dependent power control-tronic, Hill Start Assist and of course, ESP stability control. The rear spoiler and side vents are controlled electronically. Drive Select system enables the vehicle characteristics (engine, transmission, differential, stability control and direction) are determined according to the preferences of each driver in one of three modes - Strada (road), Sport and the Corsa (track) .

The latest generation MMI control

The cockpit TFT-LCD technology is also standard, such as multimedia navigation system operator, including traffic data, iPod and Bluetooth connection.

The functions of automatic temperature control with a sensor of sunlight with additional sensors control automatic lights. The bi-xenon headlamps come with headlights and taillights with LED technology.

five-spoke alloy wheels are clad in Pirelli P Zero tires and tire pressure monitoring, when the brake is equipped with a carbon-ceramic disc brake calipers and black. Safety equipment includes six from, chest, head and knee airbags.

Extensive customization options

The options include features such as the transparent engine cover, black rims and brake calipers painted yellow, gray or orange. The standard audio system can be upgraded to the "high-end sound system Lamborghini neodymium speakers with superior technology and 4 x 135 watt amplifier. The support systems of the park include proximity sensors front and rear and a rear view camera .

A series of 13 colors are available at launch in metallic finish, matte or pearly pastel. These include new colors and Argos Grigio Estoque Arancio. Three colors are available in matt specialized and sophisticated that Nero Nemesis ad personam, Bianco Canopus and Marrone Apus.

The full leather interior with a single color is available in Aldus Nero (black) or brown Elpis, a warm brown tone. The contrast stitching can be ordered in a variety of colors. The interior two-tone leather is available in two style lines. To Bicolor Sportivo, the base color is black with contrasting orange, white, yellow or green, while Elegant Bicolor has a mixture of brown tones. An almost endless array of variants also offers individualized program ad personam.

Lamborghini Aventador price and market supply :

* United Kingdom: € 201,900.00 (sale price without VAT)

* Europe: € 255,000 (sale price without VAT)

* USA: $ 379,700 (MSRP - GGT included)

* China: RMB 6,270,000.00 (the suggested tax)

* Japan: 39,690,000.00 Yen (tax suggested retail)

The first customers will be delivered to the new Lamborghini LP700-4 Aventador late summer 2011.

History - the mark of twelve bottles in the heart of the bull

Lamborghini V12 - a long and glorious history. According to history books, Ferruccio Lamborghini established automotive industry in the early sixties, because he wanted the best products available in time for the competition, the best technology and quality. Prototype for all the super sports car Lamborghini 350 GTV was the latest study was presented at the Turin Show in 1963. It 'was a completely new aluminum chassis developed the twelve-cylinder engine, designer Giotto Gonzo and praised the performance, which were nothing short of breathtaking standards of the time. 12-cylinder V-engine with four camshafts in the head bank angle of 60 degrees cylinder (when one of the cam was still the norm), six bbl carb and dry sump lubrication produced 360 hp 8000 rpm from a displacement 3497 cm3, which would have taken the concept cars top speed of 280 km / h.

350 GT production version of the series of conventional lubricants have started the following year to produce 320 hp 7000 rpm from a displacement 3464 cm3.

It was exactly this engine that has captured the imagination of fans show at Auto Show in Geneva 1966 Lamborghini Miura. Although its main functions are already known to the 400 GT, this time with four liters of 60 ° twelve-cylinder was fitted into the cockpit, transmission and rear differential in one unit mounted directly on the chassis.

The HP 320 has made the mass production Miura, following the fastest car of its time with a specified maximum speed of over 280 km / h - and with it the first true super sports car. This engine has been developed over the years, with more repetitions offers Miura S (370 hp at 7000 rpm, 285 km / h) and Miura SV (385 hp, 300 kmh). In Miura Jota, the point made for racing, the V12 generates 440 hp at 8500 rpm. However, requests for a gallon is not confined to the mid-engine Miura. In front-engine Islero, introduced in 1968 and 400 GT Jarama, it produces 350 horsepower, while the figure was futuristic Espada 325 hp (350 hp later). In 1974, Espada also had an automatic transmission offered for the first time.

The quarter-generational change to the new Miura Countach LP400 occurred in the seventies. 1971 has introduced a prototype of a breathtaking, the angular shape, genes that eventually would resurface 40 years later in the day Lamborghini sports car great. Marcello Gandini design was appropriate attire for a version of the five-liter V12.

But it was the engine fell from the series model in 1973 for further development of the unit of four liters. In 1973, Countach - always without the "flying" or the spoiler of the eighties - it was mounted longitudinally behind the driver, when the product 375 hp at 8,000 rpm and reaches an impressive top speed of 300 km / h. The years that follow so Countach engine undergo a series of evolutionary development, but still based on the familiar cornerstones of the first unit V12. In 1985 the Countach Quattrovalvole moving train on the mark of five liters for the first time (5167 cm3) and - as its name suggests - featuring a head with four valves per cylinder. The production was an impressive 455 hp at 7,000 rpm.

In 1986, a five-liter V12 introduced a completely new application - Lamborghini LM002 also 450 hp engine is mounted in the front, but the 2.7 tonne truck was the first and only SUV produced by the brand, the four port quad. Eighties saw an incredibly long career near its end with Countach Countach Anniversary. Diablo followed the rightful heir to the century clearly in costume. In 1990, the V12 was increased to 5.7 liters, and the production of Diablo almost six liters, 492 hp. Years later, the Diablo VT was the first brand-wheel-drive sports car. Over the next few years, rose steadily from 520 hp (1993 Diablo SE). Diablo GT GTR 575 hp and 590 hp with radical and was released in 1999. Diablo 6.0 was the first model to characterize the transmission V12 has been expanded to six liters, its output to reach 550 hp.

The Murciélago was launched in 2001 as the first Lamborghini in the new era. He boasted of a new alloy 6.2-liter V12 with a crankshaft running in seven bearings and dry-sump lubrication. It generates 580 hp at 7,500 rpm and took the super car that weighs 1,650 kg at a speed of 330 km / h. The maximum torque of 650 Nm is reached at only 5400 rpm. In the 2006 Geneva Motor Show, Lamborghini Murcielago LP640 released, which produces 640 hp, V12 engine that had spread to 6,496 cm3. Lamborghini Reventón strictly within the twelve-cylinder found in the heart of the brand has generated 650 hp. The grand finale came with the Murcielago LP670-4 SuperVeloce with 670 horsepower. However, 2011 marks the beginning of a new chapter in the glorious history ...